Времена: обобщение (Tense review)
Урокът обобщава глаголните времена в английския език. Учениците сравняват сегашно просто (за навици и разписания) и сегашно продължително време (за действие в момента), минало просто и минало продължително, сегашно перфектно (с since и for) и минало перфектно (действие преди друго минало действие). Повтарят и бъдещите форми, включително Future Perfect (will have studied). Важно е да се помни, че глаголи за състояние като know, like и believe обикновено не се използват в продължителна форма.
Какво да запомним
- Present Simple: навици и разписания (She goes to work by bus. The film starts at 8.)
- Present Continuous: сега (Look! It is snowing.)
- Present Perfect: since / for (I have lived here since 2018.)
- Past Continuous + Past Simple: I was having dinner when the phone rang.
- Past Perfect: The train had already left when I arrived. Future Perfect: By June we will have studied here for four years.
Пример
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. (Влакът е тръгнал преди да пристигна, затова се използва Past Perfect.)
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
She ___ to work by bus every day.
- is going
- goes
- has gone
- go
Отговор: goes
За навици и повтарящи се действия (every day) се използва Present Simple, 3 л. ед. ч.: goes.
Look! It ___ outside.
- snows
- has snowed
- is snowing
- snowed
Отговор: is snowing
'Look!' показва действие в момента на говоренето, затова Present Continuous.
I ___ in this town since 2018.
- have lived
- live
- am living
- lived
Отговор: have lived
С 'since' и действие, което продължава и сега, се използва Present Perfect.
When I arrived at the station, the train ___.
- has already left
- is already leaving
- had already left
- have already left
Отговор: had already left
Влакът е тръгнал преди друго минало действие (arrived), затова Past Perfect.
By next June, we ___ at this school for four years.
- will have studied
- will study
- are studying
- have studied
Отговор: will have studied
'By next June' означава 'до определен момент в бъдещето', затова Future Perfect.
Yesterday we ___ a great film.
- watch
- have watched
- watched
- are watching
Отговор: watched
С 'yesterday' (завършено минало време) се използва Past Simple.
Which verb is NOT normally used in the continuous form?
- know
- run
- write
- cook
Отговор: know
Know е глагол за състояние (stative verb) и обикновено не се използва в Continuous.
I ___ dinner when the phone rang.
- am having
- have had
- was having
- will have
Отговор: was having
По-дълго минало действие, прекъснато от кратко, е в Past Continuous.
Hurry up! The film ___ in ten minutes, according to the cinema schedule.
- starts
- started
- has started
- had started
Отговор: starts
За бъдещи събития по разписание използваме Present Simple.
She is tired because she ___ all morning.
- cleaned
- has been cleaning
- had cleaned
- cleans
Отговор: has been cleaning
Present Perfect Continuous обяснява резултат сега от продължително действие допреди малко.
Listen! The baby ___.
- cries
- cried
- is crying
- has cry
Отговор: is crying
Listen! показва действие в момента: Present Continuous.
I have known her ___ ten years.
- since
- for
- ago
- during
Отговор: for
С период от време ползваме for.
I ___ to London three times so far.
- went
- have been
- was going
- had gone
Отговор: have been
So far показва опит до сега: Present Perfect.
This time next week, I ___ on a beach.
- will be lying
- will have lain
- lay
- have lain
Отговор: will be lying
This time next week изисква Future Continuous.
By the time we arrived, they ___ for over an hour.
- had been arguing
- have been arguing
- were argued
- argue
Отговор: had been arguing
Продължително действие до минал момент: Past Perfect Continuous (had been + -ing).