Безличен страдателен залог (It is said that...)
Безличният страдателен залог се използва, когато предаваме мнения и слухове, без да казваме кой точно ги твърди. Има две конструкции: It is said/believed/thought/reported that + изречение и подлог + is said/believed + инфинитив. Ако действието е едновременно с твърдението, използваме to + глагол (is said to live), ако е в процес, to be + -ing (is reported to be working), а ако е по-рано, to have + трето причастие (is thought to have sunk). Тази конструкция е типична за новините и научните текстове.
Какво да запомним
- It is said that he lives in Sofia. = He is said to live in Sofia.
- Едновременно: is believed to be a genius
- В процес: is reported to be working on a cure
- По-рано: is thought to have sunk in 1912
- Глаголи: say, believe, think, know, report, expect, consider
Пример
It is thought that the ship sank in 1912. → The ship is thought to have sunk in 1912. (Потъването е станало преди момента на мнението, затова to have sunk.)
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
Complete: 'It ___ that the new vaccine is safe.'
- says
- is saying
- is said
- said by
Отговор: is said
Безличната конструкция е It is said that...
'People believe that he is a genius.' = 'He ___ a genius.'
- believes to be
- is believed being
- believed to be
- is believed to be
Отговор: is believed to be
Конструкция: subject + is believed + to be.
'People say that the scientist lives in Sofia.' = 'The scientist ___ in Sofia.'
- is said living
- is said to live
- says to live
- is saying to live
Отговор: is said to live
След is said следва инфинитив с to: is said to live.
'It is thought that the ship sank in 1912.' = 'The ship ___ in 1912.'
- is thought to sink
- thinks to have sunk
- is thought to have sunk
- is thought sinking
Отговор: is thought to have sunk
За минало действие спрямо мнението използваме перфектен инфинитив: to have sunk.
'It is reported that the team is working on a cure.' = 'The team ___ on a cure.'
- is reported to be working
- is reported working
- reports to work
- is reported to have worked
Отговор: is reported to be working
Действие в процес сега: продължителен инфинитив to be working.
Complete: 'It ___ expected that prices will rise.'
- does
- has
- have
- is
Отговор: is
It is expected that... (безличен пасив).
'People know that smoking is harmful.' = 'It ___ that smoking is harmful.'
- knows
- is known
- is knowing
- known
Отговор: is known
Безличен пасив: It is known that...
'They say that the castle is haunted.' = 'The castle ___ haunted.'
- says to be
- is said being
- is said to be
- is saying to be
Отговор: is said to be
Subject + is said + to be.
'It was believed that the Earth was flat.' = 'The Earth ___ flat.'
- was believed to be
- is believed to be
- believed to be
- was believed being
Отговор: was believed to be
Вярването е в миналото и се отнася за същото време, затова was believed to be.
Which sentence is correct?
- The suspect is thought to has left the country.
- The suspect is thought that he left the country.
- The suspect is thought to have left the country.
- The suspect thinks to have left the country.
Отговор: The suspect is thought to have left the country.
След is thought следва перфектен инфинитив to have left за минало действие.
Complete: 'It is ___ that the economy will grow.'
- expect
- expected
- expecting
- expects
Отговор: expected
Безличен страдателен: It is + трето причастие + that.
Which opening is typical of a news report?
- It is reported that...
- I think that...
- Hey, guess what...
- My mum says...
Отговор: It is reported that...
Безличните конструкции са типични за новините.
'People think the thief is hiding nearby.' = 'The thief is thought ___ nearby.'
- to be hiding
- to hide
- hiding
- to have hide
Отговор: to be hiding
За действие в процес: to be + -ing.
'They say the king built the castle.' = 'The king is said ___ the castle.'
- to build
- building
- to be built
- to have built
Отговор: to have built
Действието е по-рано: to have + V3.
'It is believed that the treasure was hidden in a cave.' = 'The treasure is believed ___ in a cave.'
- to have hidden
- to be hiding
- to hide
- to have been hidden
Отговор: to have been hidden
Минало действие в страдателен залог: to have been + V3.