Страдателен залог (Passive voice)
Учим страдателния залог (Passive voice). Използваме го, когато е по-важно какво се случва, отколкото кой го прави. Образува се с be в нужното време + минало причастие (3. форма на глагола). Ако искаме да кажем кой е извършил действието, използваме by: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Какво да запомним
- Present Simple: is/are + 3. форма (Paper is made from wood.)
- Past Simple: was/were + 3. форма (This house was built in 1920.)
- Future: will be + 3. форма (A new park will be built.)
- Present Perfect: has/have been + 3. форма (My bike has been stolen.)
- by + извършител: The thief was caught by the police.
Пример
Активно: People speak English in many countries. Пасивно: English is spoken in many countries.
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
Paper ___ from wood.
- is made
- makes
- is make
- made is
Отговор: is made
Пасив: be + минало причастие (is made).
English ___ in many countries.
- speaks
- is speaking
- spoke
- is spoken
Отговор: is spoken
Английският се говори: is spoken (пасив).
The Mona Lisa ___ by Leonardo da Vinci.
- painted
- is painting
- was painted
- has painting
Отговор: was painted
Минал пасив: was + painted.
Many trees ___ every year.
- cut down
- are cut down
- are cutting down
- is cut down
Отговор: are cut down
Множествено число в сегашен пасив: are + причастие.
Change to passive: 'People will build a new park here.'
- A new park will be built here.
- A new park will built here.
- A new park is going build here.
- A new park will being built here.
Отговор: A new park will be built here.
Бъдещ пасив: will be + минало причастие.
Breakfast ___ at 8 o'clock in our hotel.
- serves
- is serving
- is served
- serve
Отговор: is served
Закуската се сервира: is served.
This house ___ in 1920.
- is built
- was built
- built
- has build
Отговор: was built
Минал пасив: was built.
The letters ___ yesterday.
- were sent
- was sent
- sent
- are sent
Отговор: were sent
Letters е мн. ч., минало време: were sent.
Which sentence is in the passive?
- The police caught the thief.
- The police are catching the thief.
- The thief runs away.
- The thief was caught by the police.
Отговор: The thief was caught by the police.
Was caught е пасив (be + причастие).
Change to passive: 'Someone has stolen my bike.'
- My bike has stolen.
- My bike was been stolen.
- My bike has been stolen.
- My bike has being stolen.
Отговор: My bike has been stolen.
Present Perfect пасив: has been + причастие.
Which word shows who did the action in a passive sentence?
- by
- with
- from
- of
Отговор: by
Извършителят се въвежда с by.
Rice ___ in China.
- grows up
- is grown
- is grow
- grown
Отговор: is grown
Present Simple Passive: is + 3. форма: is grown.
The windows ___ yesterday.
- are cleaned
- was cleaned
- were cleaned
- cleaned
Отговор: were cleaned
Past Simple Passive, множествено число: were + 3. форма.
The results ___ next week.
- will announce
- are announcing
- were announced
- will be announced
Отговор: will be announced
Future Passive: will be + 3. форма.
Which sentence is NOT in the passive?
- Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
- The song was written in 2020.
- This film is loved by many.
- The road will be closed.
Отговор: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet е деятелен залог: подлогът извършва действието.