Модални глаголи (can, could, may, must, should)
Модалните глаголи can, could, may, must и should изразяват умение, позволение, задължение, забрана и съвет. След тях глаголът е в основна форма без to, а в 3 лице единствено число не се добавя -s. Отрицанието се образува с not (can't, couldn't, mustn't, shouldn't), а въпросът се образува с обръщане: Can you swim?
Какво да запомним
- can = мога, умея (сега); could = можех (в миналото) или учтива молба
- may = може ли (учтиво позволение) или възможност: It may rain.
- must = трябва (задължение); mustn't = забранено е
- should = трябва, добре е (съвет): You should go to bed early.
- След модален глагол: основна форма без to и без -s: She can speak three languages.
Пример
When I was five, I could ride a bike. (Когато бях на пет, можех да карам колело.) За умение в миналото използваме could.
Проверете се: 15 въпроса
Натиснете въпроса, за да видите верния отговор и обяснението.
You ___ smoke in the hospital. It's forbidden.
- mustn't
- must
- can
- should
Отговор: mustn't
Mustn't изразява забрана: не бива, забранено е.
When I was five, I ___ ride a bike.
- can
- must
- should
- could
Отговор: could
Could изразява умение в миналото (when I was five).
___ I open the window, please?
- Am
- May
- Have
- Was
Отговор: May
May I...? е учтив начин да поискаме разрешение.
You look tired. You ___ go to bed early.
- should
- mustn't
- can't
- couldn't
Отговор: should
Should използваме, за да дадем съвет.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
- She cans speak three languages.
- She can to speak three languages.
- She can speak three languages.
- She can speaks three languages.
Отговор: She can speak three languages.
Модалните глаголи не приемат -s и след тях следва основна форма без to.
'Can you swim?' Choose the correct short answer.
- Yes, I do.
- Yes, I am.
- Yes, I must.
- Yes, I can.
Отговор: Yes, I can.
В краткия отговор повтаряме модалния глагол: Yes, I can.
It's very cold outside. You ___ wear a warm coat.
- shouldn't
- should
- can't
- mustn't
Отговор: should
Даваме съвет да облечеш палто, затова should.
She ___ come to the party yesterday because she was ill.
- couldn't
- can't
- mustn't
- shouldn't to
Отговор: couldn't
За минала невъзможност използваме couldn't.
Which sentence is the most polite request?
- You must help me now.
- Help me.
- Could you help me, please?
- You can't help me.
Отговор: Could you help me, please?
Could you..., please? е учтива молба.
Which sentence means 'It is possible that it will rain'?
- It mustn't rain later.
- It can't rain later.
- It has to rain later.
- It may rain later.
Отговор: It may rain later.
May изразява възможност: може би ще вали.
Which modal verb shows ability?
- can
- must
- should
- mustn't
Отговор: can
Can изразява умение или възможност: I can swim.
Choose: 'You ___ do your homework before you go out.' (a strong rule)
- could
- may
- must
- can
Отговор: must
Силно задължение изразяваме с must.
What is the past form of 'can'?
- canned
- could
- can't
- able
Отговор: could
Минало на can е could: I could swim when I was six.
Choose: 'Take an umbrella. It ___ rain this afternoon.'
- must
- mustn't
- can't
- might
Отговор: might
Might/may изразява възможност: може да вали.
Which sentence is NOT correct?
- You should study more.
- She musts go now.
- May I come in?
- He couldn't find his keys.
Отговор: She musts go now.
Модалните глаголи нямат -s в трето лице: She must go.