Здраве и общество

Healthy living

1. Which food is a good source of protein?

   • sweets
   • eggs
   • crisps
   • fizzy drinks

   Отговор: eggs

   Яйцата съдържат много белтъчини (протеин).

2. Which drink is the healthiest choice?

   • cola
   • energy drink
   • water
   • milkshake

   Отговор: water

   Водата не съдържа захар и калории.

3. Which of these is junk food?

   • apples
   • crisps
   • carrots
   • beans

   Отговор: crisps

   Crisps (чипс) съдържат много сол и мазнини, затова са нездравословна храна.

4. Doctors say teenagers need about ___ hours of sleep a night.

   • 4-5
   • 6
   • 8-10
   • 12-14

   Отговор: 8-10

   Препоръката за тийнейджъри (13-18 години) е 8-10 часа сън.

5. Fruit and vegetables are rich in ___ and minerals.

   • vitamins
   • fats
   • sugars
   • salts

   Отговор: vitamins

   Плодовете и зеленчуците са богати на витамини и минерали.

6. Which organ pumps blood around the body?

   • the lungs
   • the liver
   • the stomach
   • the heart

   Отговор: the heart

   Сърцето (heart) изпомпва кръвта, а белите дробове (lungs) служат за дишане.

7. Which collocation is correct?

   • make exercise
   • play exercise
   • go exercise
   • do exercise

   Отговор: do exercise

   Казваме do exercise, а go се използва с -ing: go running.

8. Stress can be reduced by ___.

   • skipping meals
   • regular exercise and enough sleep
   • staying up all night
   • drinking more coffee

   Отговор: regular exercise and enough sleep

   Движението и достатъчният сън намаляват стреса.

9. Which phrasal verb means 'to start doing a new sport or hobby'?

   • take up
   • give up
   • put off
   • look after

   Отговор: take up

   Take up значи да започнеш ново занимание, например: I took up yoga.

10. A diet that contains the right amounts of all food groups is a ___ diet.

    • balanced
    • heavy
    • strict
    • junk

    Отговор: balanced

    Balanced diet: балансирано хранене.

11. Which phrasal verb means 'to stop doing a bad habit'?

    • take up
    • set up
    • bring up
    • give up

    Отговор: give up

    Give up smoking: отказвам; take up означава започвам.

12. If you are 'fit', you are ___.

    • very tired
    • seriously ill
    • in good physical condition
    • always hungry

    Отговор: in good physical condition

    Fit означава в добра физическа форма.

13. Someone who has a 'sedentary lifestyle' ___.

    • eats only vegetables
    • spends most of the day sitting
    • travels a lot
    • works night shifts

    Отговор: spends most of the day sitting

    Sedentary означава заседнал, с малко движение.

14. BMI, a measure of weight compared to height, stands for Body Mass ___.

    • Index
    • Indicator
    • Increase
    • Intake

    Отговор: Index

    BMI = Body Mass Index, индекс на телесната маса.

15. Which sentence is correct?

    • You'd better not to eat so much sugar.
    • You had better don't eat so much sugar.
    • You'd better not eat so much sugar.
    • You better not eating so much sugar.

    Отговор: You'd better not eat so much sugar.

    След had better следва основна форма без to, а отрицанието е had better not + глагол.

Conditionals 3 & mixed

1. If I had studied harder, I ___ the exam.

   • would pass
   • will pass
   • would have passed
   • passed

   Отговор: would have passed

   Трето условно: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3.

2. If it hadn't rained, we ___ to the beach.

   • would go
   • would have gone
   • will go
   • had gone

   Отговор: would have gone

   Резултат в миналото: would have + V3.

3. Which tense follows 'if' in the third conditional?

   • past perfect
   • present simple
   • past simple
   • future simple

   Отговор: past perfect

   Трети тип: If + past perfect, would have + причастие.

4. If she ___ the bus, she wouldn't have been late.

   • didn't miss
   • hadn't missed
   • wouldn't miss
   • doesn't miss

   Отговор: hadn't missed

   В подчиненото изречение на третото условно е Past Perfect.

5. If you had asked me, I ___ have helped you. (possibility)

   • will
   • must
   • shall
   • might

   Отговор: might

   Might have + V3 изразява възможен резултат в третото условно.

6. If we had left earlier, we ___ the train.

   • didn't miss
   • won't miss
   • haven't missed
   • wouldn't have missed

   Отговор: wouldn't have missed

   Нереално условие в миналото: would (not) have + минало причастие.

7. Which sentence is a mixed conditional (past condition, present result)?

   • If I take the medicine, I will feel better.
   • If I took the medicine, I would feel better.
   • If I had taken the medicine, I would have felt better.
   • If I had taken the medicine, I would feel better now.

   Отговор: If I had taken the medicine, I would feel better now.

   Минало условие (had taken) със сегашен резултат (would feel now).

8. She is a doctor now because she studied medicine. → If she hadn't studied medicine, she ___ a doctor now.

   • wouldn't be
   • won't be
   • wouldn't have been
   • isn't

   Отговор: wouldn't be

   Смесено условно: сегашен резултат с would + инфинитив.

9. What does this mean: 'If I had seen the sign, I would have stopped.'?

   • I saw the sign and I stopped.
   • I didn't see the sign and I didn't stop.
   • I saw the sign but I didn't stop.
   • I will stop if I see the sign.

   Отговор: I didn't see the sign and I didn't stop.

   Третият тип описва обратното на реалността: не е видял знака и не е спрял.

10. I didn't eat breakfast, so I'm hungry now. → If I ___ breakfast, I wouldn't be hungry now.

    • ate
    • had eaten
    • would eat
    • have eaten

    Отговор: had eaten

    Минало условие: Past Perfect; сегашен резултат: would + инфинитив.

11. Find the correct ending: 'If I had known you were in hospital, ...'

    • I will visit you.
    • I visited you.
    • I would have visited you.
    • I would visit you yesterday.

    Отговор: I would have visited you.

    Третото условно изисква would have + V3.

12. Which sentence has the same meaning as 'If you hadn't helped me, I would have failed.'?

    • With your help, I would have failed.
    • Without your help, I would fail.
    • Thanks to you, I failed.
    • Without your help, I would have failed.

    Отговор: Without your help, I would have failed.

    Without + съществително може да замени if-изречението: without your help = if you hadn't helped me.

13. Choose the correct sentence.

    • If he was more careful, he won't break his leg.
    • If he had been careful, he will not break his leg.
    • If he were more careful, he wouldn't have broken his leg yesterday.
    • If he would be careful, he wouldn't have broken his leg.

    Отговор: If he were more careful, he wouldn't have broken his leg yesterday.

    Смесено условно: сегашна черта (were careful) и минал резултат (wouldn't have broken).

14. Which sentence means: 'He is not tall, so he wasn't chosen for the team'?

    • If he had been chosen, he would be taller.
    • If he is taller, he will be chosen.
    • If he was chosen, he would be taller.
    • If he were taller, he would have been chosen for the team.

    Отговор: If he were taller, he would have been chosen for the team.

    Сегашна черта (were taller) и минал резултат (would have been chosen).

15. Choose the correct formal form of 'If I had known the truth, I would have told you.'

    • Did I know the truth, I would have told you.
    • Had I known the truth, I would have told you.
    • Have I known the truth, I would have told you.
    • Would I have known the truth, I would have told you.

    Отговор: Had I known the truth, I would have told you.

    При инверсия изпускаме if и слагаме had пред подлога: Had I known...

wish / if only

1. I don't have a dog. I wish I ___ a dog.

   • have
   • had
   • will have
   • am having

   Отговор: had

   Желание за настоящето: wish + Past Simple.

2. I'm not tall. I wish I ___ taller.

   • am
   • were
   • will be
   • be

   Отговор: were

   Wish + were (в разговорна реч и was).

3. Which phrase has a similar meaning to 'I wish'?

   • Unless
   • Even if
   • If only
   • As if

   Отговор: If only

   If only изразява същото желание като I wish, но по-силно и емоционално.

4. I'm so tired. I wish I ___ to bed earlier last night.

   • went
   • go
   • had gone
   • would go

   Отговор: had gone

   Съжаление за миналото: wish + Past Perfect.

5. Which sentence expresses regret about the past?

   • I wish I listen to my parents.
   • I wish I will listen to my parents.
   • I wish I had listened to my parents.
   • I wish I am listening to my parents.

   Отговор: I wish I had listened to my parents.

   Съжаление за миналото: wish + Past Perfect.

6. Which sentence is more common in formal English?

   • I wish I were richer.
   • I wish I am richer.
   • I wish I will be richer.
   • I wish I be richer.

   Отговор: I wish I were richer.

   След wish с be в официален стил използваме were за всички лица; was е разговорно.

7. The neighbours are so noisy. I wish they ___ making so much noise.

   • will stop
   • would stop
   • had stopped
   • stop

   Отговор: would stop

   Wish + would изразява раздразнение от чуждо поведение.

8. It's raining again. I wish it ___ raining!

   • has stopped
   • stops
   • will stop
   • would stop

   Отговор: would stop

   Wish + would: желание за промяна, която не зависи от нас.

9. I wish you wouldn't ___ my things without asking!

   • took
   • take
   • taken
   • to take

   Отговор: take

   Wish + would/wouldn't + основна форма изразява раздразнение от чуждо поведение.

10. If only I ___ so rude to my friend yesterday!

    • wasn't
    • wouldn't be
    • haven't been
    • hadn't been

    Отговор: hadn't been

    If only + Past Perfect: силно съжаление за минало действие.

11. 'I wish I had a car' means:

    • I have a car.
    • I don't have a car and I'd like one.
    • I had a car in the past.
    • I will buy a car soon.

    Отговор: I don't have a car and I'd like one.

    Wish + Past Simple: сегашната ситуация е различна от желаната.

12. Which sentence is NOT correct?

    • I wish I were taller.
    • I wish I could fly.
    • I wish I had more time.
    • I wish I would be taller.

    Отговор: I wish I would be taller.

    Не използваме wish + would, когато подлогът в двете части е един и същ (I wish I would...).

13. Which sentence is correct?

    • I wish I could speak Chinese.
    • I wish I can speak Chinese.
    • I wish I would speak Chinese.
    • I wish I will speak Chinese.

    Отговор: I wish I could speak Chinese.

    След wish can става could; wish I would за себе си не се използва.

14. If only I ___ the answer now! I can't remember it.

    • knew
    • know
    • had known
    • would know

    Отговор: knew

    Сегашно желание: if only + Past Simple.

15. I'd rather you ___ smoke in the house.

    • didn't
    • don't
    • won't
    • not

    Отговор: didn't

    След I'd rather + друго лице използваме минало време за настоящето: I'd rather you didn't.

Global issues

1. The rise in the Earth's average temperature is called global ___.

   • cooling
   • weather
   • warming
   • heating

   Отговор: warming

   Global warming: глобално затопляне.

2. Dirty air, water or land is the result of ___.

   • pollution
   • education
   • tourism
   • volunteering

   Отговор: pollution

   Pollution: замърсяване.

3. Not having enough money for basic needs is called ___.

   • wealth
   • luxury
   • poverty
   • profit

   Отговор: poverty

   Poverty означава бедност.

4. People who have to leave their country because of war are ___.

   • refugees
   • tourists
   • volunteers
   • commuters

   Отговор: refugees

   Refugees: бежанци.

5. Animals that may soon disappear forever are ___ species.

   • dangerous
   • endangered
   • extinct
   • wild

   Отговор: endangered

   Endangered са застрашени видове; extinct вече са изчезнали.

6. Which of these is a natural disaster?

   • a festival
   • an election
   • an earthquake
   • a concert

   Отговор: an earthquake

   Earthquake (земетресение) е природно бедствие.

7. Cutting down large areas of forest is called ___.

   • pollution
   • recycling
   • drought
   • deforestation

   Отговор: deforestation

   Deforestation: изсичане на горите.

8. Energy from the sun and the wind is ___ energy.

   • nuclear
   • fossil
   • renewable
   • limited

   Отговор: renewable

   Възобновяема енергия: слънце, вятър, вода.

9. A serious lack of clean drinking water is called water ___.

   • scarcity
   • pollution
   • flooding
   • cycle

   Отговор: scarcity

   Scarcity означава недостиг. Water pollution е замърсяване, а не липса на вода.

10. A long period with little or no rain is a ___.

    • flood
    • drought
    • hurricane
    • famine

    Отговор: drought

    Drought е суша; famine е глад.

11. Gases such as carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere are called ___ gases.

    • noble
    • natural
    • toxic
    • greenhouse

    Отговор: greenhouse

    Парниковите газове задържат топлината около Земята.

12. People who move to another place or country to live or work are ___.

    • natives
    • locals
    • residents
    • migrants

    Отговор: migrants

    Migrants са хора, които се преместват да живеят или работят другаде.

13. The 17 global goals of the United Nations for 2030 are called the ___.

    • Sustainable Development Goals
    • Millennium Targets
    • Green Rules
    • Kyoto Goals

    Отговор: Sustainable Development Goals

    Целите за устойчиво развитие (SDGs) са приети от ООН през 2015 г.

14. The gap between rich and poor people in a society is called ___.

    • inequality
    • unemployment
    • inflation
    • the poverty line

    Отговор: inequality

    Inequality: неравенство.

15. The 2015 international deal to limit global warming to well below 2°C is the Paris ___.

    • Convention
    • Agreement
    • Declaration
    • Charter

    Отговор: Agreement

    Парижкото споразумение (Paris Agreement) е прието през 2015 г. на климатичната конференция в Париж.

Volunteering

1. A person who works without pay to help others is a ___.

   • manager
   • volunteer
   • customer
   • boss

   Отговор: volunteer

   Volunteer: доброволец.

2. Picking up rubbish in a park with other volunteers is a ___.

   • check-in
   • take-off
   • clean-up
   • break-in

   Отговор: clean-up

   Clean-up: почистване.

3. A place that gives free food to people in need is a food ___.

   • shop
   • market
   • factory
   • bank

   Отговор: bank

   Food bank (хранителна банка) раздава безплатна храна на нуждаещи се.

4. Money and things given to help people in need are ___.

   • donations
   • taxes
   • fines
   • wages

   Отговор: donations

   Donations: дарения.

5. A shop that sells donated second-hand things to raise money is a ___ shop.

   • charity
   • gift
   • duty-free
   • corner

   Отговор: charity

   Charity shop продава дарени вещи в полза на кауза.

6. I'm free today. Can I ___ with the cleaning?

   • give up
   • help out
   • put off
   • run out

   Отговор: help out

   Help out означава да помогнеш с нещо.

7. Our class organised a charity concert to ___ money for the hospital.

   • rise
   • grow
   • lift
   • raise

   Отговор: raise

   Raise money: събирам пари за кауза; rise е непреходен глагол.

8. Volunteering helps young people ___ new skills.

   • make
   • develop
   • do
   • win

   Отговор: develop

   Develop skills: развивам умения.

9. A person who gives blood to help ill people is a blood ___.

   • doctor
   • dealer
   • donor
   • driver

   Отговор: donor

   Donor е дарител, например на кръв.

10. A non-profit organisation that helps people in need is a ___.

    • company
    • bank
    • charity
    • factory

    Отговор: charity

    Charity: благотворителна организация.

11. Someone who looks after an elderly or ill person at home is a ___.

    • career
    • cashier
    • courier
    • carer

    Отговор: carer

    Carer е човек, който се грижи за болен или възрастен (не career).

12. Many students volunteer abroad during a ___ year between school and university.

    • gap
    • leap
    • free
    • half

    Отговор: gap

    Gap year е година почивка между училище и университет, често за пътуване или доброволчество.

13. Last summer I ___ for a beach clean-up.

    • signed up
    • gave up
    • looked up
    • put off

    Отговор: signed up

    Sign up for: записвам се за нещо.

14. Which sentence is grammatically correct?

    • I'm interested to volunteering at the hospital.
    • I'm interested in volunteering at the hospital.
    • I'm interesting in volunteer at the hospital.
    • I'm interested on volunteering at the hospital.

    Отговор: I'm interested in volunteering at the hospital.

    Interested in + -ing; interesting описва нещо, а не чувство.

15. Choose the correct sentence.

    • It's worth to volunteer because you meet great people.
    • It's worth volunteering because you meet great people.
    • It's worth volunteer because you meet great people.
    • It's worthy volunteering because you meet great people.

    Отговор: It's worth volunteering because you meet great people.

    След it's worth използваме -ing форма.

Финален въпрос